①By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
【词汇注释】文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
former ['fo:ma(r)]a . 以前的 independent [indi'pendant] a.独立的;自治的文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
colony ['kplani] n.殖民地文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
【结构切分】文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
时间状语 主语 系动词 表语文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
【全句译文】 到1830 年时，西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地已经成为独立国家。文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-http://wfbohan.cn/734/
②The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future.
【词汇注释】
roughly ['rAfli]ad.大约;大致 look to sth 展望，思考(将来发生的事)
million ['miljon]n.一百万 hopefully ['haupfoli] ad.抱有希望地
inhabitant [in'habtiant]n.(某地的)居民
【结构切分】
The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future.
主语 谓语+状语 宾语
【全句译文】 这些国家大约两千万的居民满怀希望地展望着未来。
③Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism,many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government,careers open to talent,freedom of commerce and trade,the right to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.
【全句译文】 许多独立运动的领导者出生于旧的独裁政权和伊比利亚殖民主义统治岌岌可危的时
期，他们都怀揣着“成立代议制政府、向有才能的人开放就业机会、推行自由的商贸活动、承认私有财产 所有权”的理想，都相信个人是社会的基础。
④Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.
【词汇注释】
generally ['d3enrali] ad.普遍地;广泛地sovereign ['spvrim]a.有主权的;完全独立的
state [stert]n. (政治上所指的)国家
【结构切分】
viable['vaobl] a.能独立发展/生存的 integrate ['ntigrert]v.(使)结合，成为一体 common ['kpmən] a.共同的
【全句译文】 他们普遍认为，新国家应该是独立自主的国家，(应该)大到足以在经济上独立，并且 (应该)通过一系列共同的法律统一为一个整体。
①On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church,however,there was less agreement among the leadership.
【词汇注释】
issue ['tJu: ]n.问题;议题
religion [ri'lid3on]n.宗教
position[ p ' z j n ] n .地 位
agreement [a'gri:mant]n. (意见或看法)一致 among [ə'mAp] prep.在……中
leadership ['li:doJip]n.领导层
【结构切分】
On the issue of freedom ofreligion ll and the position of the Church,
介词短语 the issue的后置定语
agreement的定语
主干： however, there was less agreement among the leadership.
插入语 there be结构 主语 agreement的后置定语
【全句译文】 (然而/不过)在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导层之间的看法却不那么一致。
②Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanish crown.
【词汇注释】
Catholicism [ka'0plasizom] n.天主教
state religion 国教
【结构切分】
allow[a'lau]v.接受;承认
crown [kraon]n.<the~>王国政府
the only one 的后置定语1
allowed ll by the Spanish crown.
【全句译文】 罗马天主教过去曾是国教，而且是西班牙王国政府唯一认可的宗教。
③While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states,some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths.
【词汇注释】
seek to do sth 设法/试图做某事
maintain [mein'tern]v.维持;保持
exclusion [ik'sklu:3n]n.排斥
faith脚[fe10]n.(某一)宗教
official [a'fiJ1] a.官方(授权)的
【结构切分】
主句：
让步状语从句
【全句译文】 尽管大多数领导者试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，但也有一部分领导者试 图结束对其他宗教的排斥。或：大多数领导者试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，而一部分领导 者试图结束对其他宗教的排斥。
④The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.
【词汇注释】
defense [di'fens] n.保卫;捍卫
rallying cry(团结众人的)战斗口号，信念
【结构切分】
The defense ll of the Church becamea rallying cry
主语 系动词 表语
conservative [kən's3:vatIv] a.保守的;守旧的 force'[fo: s] n.有影响力的人;势力
for the conservative forces.
状语
【全句译文】 捍卫教会成为了保守势力的战斗口号。
①The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything.
【词汇注释】
egalitarian@[igell'tearian] a.平等主义的;人人 平等的
【结构切分】
value @[’,valju:]v.重视;珍视
equality [i'kwploti] n.平等;均等
egalitarian 的同位语’
valuing equality ll of everything.
【全句译文】 早期独立运动领导者的理想往往是平等主义，(即)崇尚万物平等。
②Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.
【词汇注释】
aid [eid] n.帮助;援助
abolish [ə'bpli[]v.废除，废止(法律、制度、习俗等)
【结构切分】
slavery ['slervəri] n.奴隶制
liberate ['libarett] v.解放
(that/which) he liberated. 引导词作宾语主语 谓语
【全句译文】 玻利瓦尔得到了来自海地的援助后，作为回报，承诺在他所解放的地区废除奴隶制。
③By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's remaining colonies.
【词汇注释】
everywhere ['evriwea(r)] ad.所有地方;各地 remaining [rl'memip] a.剩余的
except [rk'sept] prep.除……之外
【结构切分】
By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere llexcept Spain's remaining colonies.
时间状语 主语 被动态谓语 地点状语
【全句译文】 到1854年时，除西班牙剩余的殖民地之外，(其他)所有地区均已废除奴隶制。
④Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced.
【词汇注释】
tribute8 ['tribju: t] n. (一国向他国交纳的)贡金 mixed图 [mikst] a.由不同种族的人组成的
【结构切分】
origin ['prid3in]n . 出身;血统
revenue ['revənju:]n. (税收)收入
主句： Early promises to end Indian tribute ll and taxes ll on people of mixed origin came much slower
主语 promises的后置定语 谓语 状语
原因状语从句
引(be)导(ca)词(us)e the ne主(w)语(nations) 状(sti)语(ll) n谓(ee)语(de)d the宾(re)语(ve)nus 的(th)定(e r)语(ev)从(en)句(ue)
【全句译文】 新国家早先做出的“取消向印第安人收取贡金、向混合人种征税”的承诺(则)很晚才 兑现，因为它们仍需要这些政策带来的收入。
⑤Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.
【词汇注释】
sentiment ['sentimant]n .观点;情绪
temper ['tempa(r)]v.使缓和;使变淡
the mass of 大多数
populatiomd [ popjuleun]n . (某一地区的)全
体居民
unprepared[Anpr'peod] a .未准备好
self-rule[self'ru: l]n . 自治
democracy [di'mpkrasi] n. 民主制度
【结构切分】
主句： Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears
主 语 被 动 态 谓 语 + 状 语 状 语
fears的同位语从句
that t he mass of the population was unprepared
【全句译文】 平等主义情绪往往因担心大多数民众对自治和民主未做好准备而有所淡化。
【词汇注释】
crisis ['kraisIs]n .危机
talent ['talont]n .人才
regime [rer'3i:m]n .政权
commerce ['kpms:s]n .商业
colonialism [ka'launializam] n.殖民主义
trade [treld]n .贸易;买卖
independence [indi'pendans]n .独立
private ['prarvat]a .私人的
ideal [ar'di:al]n .理想
property ['prppati] n.所有物;财产
representative[repr'zentotiv] a .代议制的
belief [br'li:f]n.看法;信念
career [ka'ria(r)]n .职业
individual [iindr'vidsuəl] n.个人
( be) open to sb (机会等)向某人开放
Generally there was a belief
belief的
that the new nationsshould be sovereign and independent states,
状语 there be句型 主语
同位语从句
引导词
主语
系动词
表语1
并列谓语
(should be) large enough ll to be economically viable and(should be)integrated by a common set of laws.
系 动 词 表 语 2 连 词 被动态谓语 方式状语
Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one
主语 系动词 表语1 连词 表语2
some sought to end the exclusion ll of other faiths.
主语 谓语
宾语
While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion ll of the new states,
引导词 主语 谓语 宾语(不定式中包含maintain A as B结构)
The ideals of the early leaders ll of independence were often egalitarian,
主语 The ideals的后置定语系动词状语 表语
Bolivarhad received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery ll in the areas
主语
谓语1 宾语1 aid的后置定语连词 谓语2 状语 宾语2
the areas的定语从句'
评论