①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament,you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
【词汇注释】文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
examine [ig'zemin]v.(仔细地)检查，审查文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
certificate [sa'ufikat]n .证明;证明书文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
World Cup tournament 世界杯(足球)锦标赛 noteworthy ['nautw3:oi] a.值得注意的;显著的文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
quirk'@[kwq: k] n.(尤指偶发的)怪事，奇事 5 elite [er'li: t]a.出类拔萃的;精锐的文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
【结构切分】文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk:文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
主语 状语+谓语 宾语文章源自潍坊木杉教育信息网-https://wfbohan.cn/739/
条件状语从句
分句2:
| elite soccer players are more likely to have been born ll in the earlier months of the year ll than in the later months. | |||
| 主语 | 系动词 | 表语 | 状语，表方面 |
【全句译文】 如果查看一下2006 年世界杯锦标赛所有足球运动员的出生证，你很可能会发现一件 值得注意的奇事：出类拔萃的足球运动员更可能出生在一年中的头几个月而非后几个月。
②If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
【词汇注释】
national youth team 国家青年队
fed' [fi: d]v.供给;供应
ranks[rayks]n. (团体或组织的)成员
【结构切分】
strange[streind3]a .奇怪的;奇特的 phenomenon [fa'npminon]n .现象 pronounced [ pra'naonst] a.显着的;很明显的
主句： you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
主语 谓语 宾 语 宾 语 补 足 语
条件状语从句
If you then examined the European national youth teams
引导词主语 状语 谓 语 宾 语
the European national youth teams的定语从句
feed
引导词 谓语 宾语
【全句译文】 如果再看看为世界杯和职业球队输送人才的欧洲各国国家青年队(的队员出生证),你 会发现这一奇特的现象甚至更为显著。
①What might account for this strange phenomenon?
【词汇注释】
account for sth 解释;说明
【结构切分】
Whatmight account for this strange phenomenon?
疑问词作主语 谓语 宾语
【全句译文】 什么可以解释这类奇特的现象?
② Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.
【词汇注释】
astrological sign 星座
confer [kən'fs:(r)] v.赋予;带来
superior [su:'piori₃ (r)]a.占优势的;更胜一筹的 oxygen capacity 血氧容量
【结构切分】
stamina@['stamino] n.耐力;耐性;持久力 conceive [kən'si:v] v.怀胎;受孕
peak [pi:k] n.顶峰;高峰
mania@['memio]n .狂热
分句1:
| Here are a few guesses: |
| 表语系动词 主语 |
分句3的主句：
分句2:
| a)certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; | ||
| 主语 | 谓语 | 宾语 |
| b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, | higher oxygen capacity | which increases soccer stamina; | |
| 主 语 谓 语 | 宾语 | 的非限制性定语从句 | 引导词 谓语 宾语 |
分句4:
| c)soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime,at the annual peak of soccer mania; |
| 主 语 系 动 词 表 语 状语，表方面 时间状语修饰conceive children |
分句5: d)none of the above.
【全句译文】 以下是几种猜测：a)某些星座赐予球员高超的足球技能;b)冬季出生的婴孩往往具有 更高的血液携氧能力，这会增加踢足球时的耐力;c)痴迷足球的父母更可能在春天，也即每年足球狂热
的巅峰时期受孕;d)以上都不是。
①Anders Ericson,a58. year old psychology profesor at Floriaa State University,says he beieyey strongly in"none of the above.”
【词汇注释】
psychology professor 心理学教授
believe in sth 认为某事好(或对、可接受)
【结构切分】
主句： Anders Ericsson,says says的 he believes strongly in none of the above."
主语 谓语 宾语从句主语 谓语+状语 宾语
Anders Ericsson的同位语
a 58-year-old psychology professorll at Florida State University,
【全句译文】 安德斯 · 艾利克森，佛罗里达州立大学一位58 岁的心理学教授，称他坚信“以上都 不对”。
②Ericsson grew up in Sweden,and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.
【词汇注释】
grow up 成长;长大
nuclear engineering 核能工程学
conduct [kən'dAkt] v.进行;实施
switch to... 转变到……
【结构切分】
主句： Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering if he switched to psychology.
主语 谓语1 地点状语 连词 谓语2 宾语 引导词 主语 谓语 状语
时间状语从句 条件状语从句
until he realized realized的 he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research
引导词主语谓语 宾语从句 主语 谓语 宾语 more opportunity的后置定语
【全句译文】 艾利克森在瑞典长大，原本攻读核能工程学，直到他意识到如果转学心理学，会有更多 机会从事自己的研究。
③His first experiment,nearly 30 years ago,involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.
【词汇注释】
involve [mn'vplv]v.涉及;与……有关
repeat [r'pi: t]v .复述
random ['rendam] a.任意的;随机的
a series of sth 一系列;一连串
【结构切分】
nearly 30 years ago, training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.
插入语 同位语
主干： His first experiment, involved memory:
主语 谓语 宾语
【全句译文】 大约在30 年前，他的首次实验与记忆力相关： 训练一个人听一组随机数字，随后进行复述
④“With the first subject,after about 20 hours of training,his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls.
【词汇注释】
subject['sAbdskt]n.接受试验者;实验对象 digit['drd3it]n.(从0到9的任何一个)数字，数位
span [ spen] n.范围;跨度
recall [ri'ko:l] v.回想;回忆起
【结构切分】
【全句译文】“ 在 约20 个小时的训练之后，第一位受试者的数字记忆广度从7 位增加到了20 位。” 艾利克森回忆道。
⑤"He kept improving,and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
【词汇注释】
improve [im'pru: v] v.改进;改善
【结构切分】
分句 1: “He kept improving ,
主 语 谓 语 宾 语
分句2: and after about 200 hours of training he
时间状语
had risen 谓 语
to over 80 numbers.”
状语
【全句译文】 “他不断地进步，约200 个小时的训练之后，他已经能记住80 多位数字。”
①This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
【词汇注释】
couple sb/sth with sb/sth 把……与……连接起 来;……加上……
genetically [d33'netikli] ad.遗传地
determine [di't3:min] v.决定;支配;影响
【结构切分】
lead@[ li:d ]v.使得出(观点);引导(某人) conclude [kən'klu:d] v.得出结论
cognitive ['kpgnotIv]a .认知的
intuitive [in'tju: Itiv] a.直觉的
【全句译文】 这次成功，加上后续的研究表明记忆力本身并非由基因决定，使得艾利克森得出结论： 记忆行为与其说是一种直觉活动，不如说是一种认知活动。
②In other words,whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,those differences are swamped by how well each person"encodes"the information.
【词汇注释】
inborn [in'bo: n] a.先天的;天生的
exhibit [ig'ztbnt]v.展现;显示
swamp [swDmp]v.淹没;掩盖
encode [mn'kəud]v.编码
【结构切分】
whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,
“引导词+名词”作宾语 主语 谓语 differences的后置定语 abilities的后置定语
让步状语从句
主句： In other words, those differences are swamped by
插入语 主语 被动态谓语 方式状语
by的宾语从句
how well each person “encodes” the information.
换句话说，不论两个人在记忆能力方面表现出什么先天性差异，这些差异都被个人“编 码”信息能力的强弱所掩盖。
3 And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully,Ericsson determined,was a process known as deliberate practice.
【词汇注释】
meaningfully ['mimipfali] ad .有意图地;有意 义地
determine[di'ts: mm]v. (尤指通过研究或计
【结构切分】
算)探知，确定
deliberate [dr'libarat]a.有意的;刻意的 practice ['prektis] n.练习
| And the best way was a process known as deliberate practice. | |||||
| 连词 主语 | 系动词表语 a process的后置定语 | ||||
| the best way的后置定语 | 插入语 | ||||
| to learn ll how to encode information ll meaningfully, | Ericsson determined, | ||||
【全句译文】艾利克森断定，学习有目的地编码信息的最佳方法是一个被称为“刻意练习”的过程。
④Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.
【词汇注释】
entail [in'tell]v.需要;使必要
【结构切分】
Deliberate practice entails more tthan simply repeating a task.
主语 谓语 宾语 比较状语
【全句译文】 “刻意练习"需要的不仅仅是简单地重复任务。
⑤Rather,it involves setting specific goals,obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
【词汇注释】
specific [ spa'srfik] a. 明确的;具体的
obtain [ab'tein] v.获得
【结构切分】
feedback ['fi:dbak] n.反馈意见
outcome ['autkam] n.结果;效果
| Rather, it involves setting specific goals,obtaining immediate feedbackand concentrating |
| 状语 主语 谓语 宾语1 宾语2 连词 宾语3 |
concentrating 的状语 as much on technique as on outcome.
【全句译文】 确切地讲，它需要制定明确的目标、获取即时反馈并且要技巧与结果并重。
①Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits,including soccer.
【词汇注释】
take to sth/doing sth 养成(某种习惯);沉迷于
pursuil图[po'sju:t]n. (尤指娱乐或运动类的)特
a wide range of sth 各种各样的……
【结构切分】
主 干 ：
expert performers的后置定语
in a wide range of pursuits,including soccer.
【全句译文】 艾利克森和他的同事由此开始沉湎于研究众多领域(包括足球)的出类拨萃者。
②They gather all the data they can,not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
【词汇注释】
performance [pa'fo: mans]n . (工作)表现 statistics [sta'trstiks] n.统计数字;统计资料 biographical [ bara'grefikl] a .生平的;人生历 程的
details'8 ['di:tellz]n. (人的)详细情况;个人 资料
laboratory [la'bpratri] n.实验室;研究室
high achiever 杰出成就者
【结构切分】
主句： They gather all the data data的 not just performance statistics and biographical details
主语谓 语 宾 语 同位语连词1 同位语中心词1连词2同位语中心词2
data的定语从句 not just..but also..连接的并列成分
【全句译文】 他们收集所有能够收集到的资料，不仅包括工作表现数据和生平详情，还包括他们在 自己实验室里对杰出人才所做实验的结果。
③Their work makes a rather starting assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.
【词汇注释】
startling ['sta:tlp]a.惊人的;让人震惊的
assertion [a's3:Jn]n.认定;断言
trait [trert] n.(某人性格中的)特性，品质 overrate [rouva'rert]v.对……评价过高;高估
【结构切分】
分句1: Their work makes a rather startling assertion:
主 语 谓 语 宾 语
| the trait
主语 状语+被动态谓语 |
the trait的 | commonly |
| 定语从句 | 主语 状语 谓语宾语补足语 | |
【全句译文】 他们的研究结论相当令人震惊：我们通常称之为“天赋”的这一特质被过于高估了。
④Or,put another way,expert performers whether in memory or surgery,ballet or computer programming-are nearly always made,not born.
【词汇注释】
put another way 换句话说
surgery ['s3!d32ri]n.外科
【结构切分】
Or, put another way,
连词 插入语
whether in memoryllor surgery,balletlor computer programming-
【全句译文】或者换句话说，不管是在记忆力还是在外科手术领域，是在芭蕾舞还是在计算机编程 方面，表现出色的人几乎都是造就的，而不是天生的。
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